Why is translation not possible in eukaryotes?

Why is translation not possible in eukaryotes?

Why is translation not possible in eukaryotes?

Unlike eukaryotic cells, bacteria do not have a distinct nucleus that separates DNA from ribosomes, so there is no barrier to immediate translation. ... This process simply would not work in eukaryotic cells, mainly because eukaryotic RNAs contain introns and exons and must be edited before translation can begin.

Why is translation different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

The key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation is that eukaryotic translation and transcription is an asynchronous process whereas prokaryotic translation and transcription is a synchronous process.

Why can't eukaryotes transcribe and translate efficiently?

Prokaryotic transcription and translation can occur simultaneously. This is impossible in eukaryotes, where transcription occurs in a membrane-bound nucleus while translation occurs outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. ... Many of these transcription factors are homodimers containing helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motifs.

How does transcription and translation differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation take place in different cellular compartments: transcription takes place in the membrane-bounded nucleus, whereas translation takes place outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. In prokaryotes, the two processes are closely coupled (Figure 28.15).

Why isnt DNA used in translation directly?

DNA cannot be converted into protein directly because there are enzymes available to translate DNA directly into protein.

Is RNA polymerase used in translation?

The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. ... During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase (green) uses DNA as a template to produce a pre-mRNA transcript (pink).

What are the 3 stages of translation?

Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.

Which step in translation is significantly different between eukaryotes and bacteria?

Translation has three main stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. These differ slightly in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms: in prokaryotes, translation occurs in the cytoplasm, while in eukaryotes, translation takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Why can't translation begin before transcription in eukaryotes?

DNA helix re-forms. Why can translation begin before transcription is complete in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes? ... -In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus. The mRNA must be completely synthesized and moved through the nuclear membrane to the cytoplasm before translation can begin.

In what two places in the cell can translation occur?

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, whereas translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Why is translation so much faster in prokaryotes?

Why is translation so much faster in prokaryotes than eukaryotes? Prokaryotes perform transcription and translation much faster than eukaryotes. If memory serves, a single 70S prokaryotic ribosome can incorporate around 20 amino acids per second, whereas the 80S eukaryotic counterpart is much slower, at around 2 amino acids per second.

How does translational regulation occur in the eukaryotes?

Translational regulation refers to the control of the levels of protein synthesized from its mRNA. In eukaryotes, regulation of protein synthesis can occur by modification of DNA or at the level of transcription within the nucleus, processing of mRNA in the nucleus, or translation in the cytoplasm.

What happens when you increase the translation rate?

Recently it was observed that increasing the translation rate, by replacing wobble codons with perfect matching codons, results in errors in folding (P. S. Spencer et al, J. Mol. Biol., 422:328, 2012). This suggests a tradeoff where translation rate is limited by the time needed to allow proper folding of domains in the nascent protein.

Why is DNA replication faster in eukaryotes?

Eukaryotes have many more than one OOR, i.e., many DNA polymerases run in parallel, making their DNA replication considerably faster. Figure 4. At the origin of replication, topoisomerase II relaxes the supercoiled chromosome.

Related Posts: