Main TopicsHow long does it take to translate mRNA?
Table of Contents
- How long does it take to translate mRNA?
- What is the rate of DNA translation?
- How fast can gene expression change?
- Why is transcription faster than translation?
- What are the stages of translation?
- What is the correct order of the stages of translation?
- What are the 4 steps of translation?
- What are the 5 steps of translation?
- Does gene expression change with age?
- What are the 5 steps of transcription?
- What are the relative rates of transcription and translation?
- What happens when you increase the translation rate?
- Which is faster, transcription or translation in bacteria?
- When do proteins begin their translation after time τm?
How long does it take to translate mRNA?
The synthesis of most protein molecules takes between 20 seconds and several minutes. But even during this very short period, multiple initiations usually take place on each mRNA molecule being translated.
What is the rate of DNA translation?
The rate of translation varies; it is significantly higher in prokaryotic cells (up to 17–21 amino acid residues per second) than in eukaryotic cells (up to 6–9 amino acid residues per second).
How fast can gene expression change?
Similarly, an average bacterial gene is 1 kbp long and thus will take about a minute to transcribe, while introns cause the average mammalian gene to be 10 kbp long and thus will take about 10 min.
Why is transcription faster than translation?
Interestingly, since every 3 base pairs code for one amino acid, the rates of the two processes are nearly matched and as noted above, this is probably not accidental. Translation that is faster than transcription would cause the ribosome to “collide” with the RNA polymerase.
What are the stages of translation?
Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
What is the correct order of the stages of translation?
The correct order of stages of translation is initiation, elongation and termination.
What are the 4 steps of translation?
Translation happens in four stages: activation (make ready), initiation (start), elongation (make longer) and termination (stop). These terms describe the growth of the amino acid chain (polypeptide). Amino acids are brought to ribosomes and assembled into proteins.
What are the 5 steps of translation?
Translation (Protein Synthesis)
- Initiation. In this step the small subunit part of the ribosome attaches to the 5' end of the mRNA strand. ...
- Elongation. ...
- Termination.
Does gene expression change with age?
Gene expression is influenced by both genetic variants and the environment. As individuals age, changes in gene expression may be associated with decline in physical and cognitive abilities. ... Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated an enrichment of biological processes involved in the immune system.
What are the 5 steps of transcription?
The major steps of transcription are initiation, promoter clearance, elongation, and termination.
What are the relative rates of transcription and translation?
What do the relative rates of transcription and translation mean for the overall time taken from transcription initiation to synthesized protein for a given gene? In bacteria, a one kb gene should take at maximal transcription rate about 1000 nt/80 nt/s ≈ 10s and translation elongation at maximal speed roughly the same.
What happens when you increase the translation rate?
Recently it was observed that increasing the translation rate, by replacing wobble codons with perfect matching codons, results in errors in folding (P. S. Spencer et al, J. Mol. Biol., 422:328, 2012). This suggests a tradeoff where translation rate is limited by the time needed to allow proper folding of domains in the nascent protein.
Which is faster, transcription or translation in bacteria?
In bacteria, a one kb gene should take at maximal transcription rate about 1000 nt/80 nt/s ≈ 10s and translation elongation at maximal speed roughly the same. We note that the total time scale is the sum of an elongation time as above and the initiation time, which can be longer in some cases.
When do proteins begin their translation after time τm?
After a time τm, depending on the transcript length, the whole chain will be labeled, as these are proteins that began their translation at time zero when the label was added. At this time one observes a change in the accumulation dynamics (when appropriately normalized to the overall labeling in the cell).
